CDS: Division 15-2

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Division 15 Mechanical

15-2	Basic Mechanical Materials And Methods

A.	Pipe Materials

Piping Materials (See Note No. 3)

Service	Material	Type	Notes
Sanitary Soil Waste and Vent 1. Interior Below Grade 2. Above Grade 3. Below Grade (exterior	Cast Iron Copper PVC	Service Weight Type DWV Schedule 40	Hubless with stainless steel band or bell & spigot (gasketed). Cast drainage fittings. Bell and spigot with Sealite No. 110 caulking, neoprene gasket or mechanical joint. See note No. 2.
Laboratory Waste and Vent	Glass Plastic Cast Iron	Borosilicate Polypropylene (Fuseal) High Silicon	Stainless steel couplings (above grade only.) Thermal or solvent weld joints. See note No. 5. Duriron with MJ mechanical joints.
Hot Water (Domestic) also applies to below concrete	Copper Copper	Type L. Hard Drawn Type K	Wrought copper fittings with 95% tin, 5% antimony solder joints. (No 50/50 solder allowed. Use silver solder below ground.)
Cold Water 1. Above Grade 2. Below Grade, exterior only	Copper PVC	Type L Hard Drawin C-900 with restraints, Class 200	Same as Hot Water. Distribution Mains.
Compressed Air	Galvanized	Schedule 40	Galvanized malleable iron fittings.
Gas	Black Steel	Schedule 40	Weld all joints below grade and 2 1/2" and larger above grade. Malleable screwed fittings on smaller sizes above grade. See Division 2 for coating below grade.
Vacuum	Copper Tubing	Type K Hard Drawn	.</TD
Distilled or Deionized Water	Stainless Steel	Schedule 40	.</TD
Fire Protection 1. Dry Standpipe 2. Wet Standpipe 3. Fire Sprinkler 4. Below Grade	Black Steel Galvanized Steel Black Steel PVC	Schedule 40 Schedule 40 Schedule 40 C-900 Class 200	Approved 175 lb. water working press fittings. Cast iron threaded or welded fittings. Galvanized malleable iron threaded fittings. Cast iron threaded fittings, grooved pipe clamp fittings. Same as cold water.
Rainwater Leaders*	Cast Iron Copper	Service Weight Type DWV	Hubless with stainless steel band clamp. Cast drainage fittings with 95-5 solder joints.
Storm System Piping same as Sanitary, above	PVC PVC	Schedule 40 Bell and Spigot	Same as Sanitary, above. PVC must have beveled ends by beveling tool 15^o to 30^o not to exceed 3/4" from end of pipe.
Steam Supply 1. 2" and below 2. Above 2" 3. Lab Benches	Black Steel Black Steel Copper Tubing	Schedule 40 Schedule 40 Type K Hard Drawn	150 lbs. min. cast iron threaded steam fittings or 150 lbs. welding fittings. 150 lbs. welding fittings. Wrought copper fittings with silver solder joints (min. 15% silver content).
Condensate Return 1. Exterior all sizes 2. Interior all sizes	Copper Copper	Type K Hard Drawn Type K Hard Drawn	Wrought copper fittings with silver solder joints (minimum 15% silver content). Wrought copper fittings with silver solder joints (minimum 15% silver content).
Hot Water Heating 1. 2" and below 2. Above 2" 3. All sizes	Copper Copper Copper	Type L Hard Drawn Type L Hard Drawn Type L Hard Drawn	Wrought copper fittings with 95% tin, 5% antimony solder joints. Wrought copper fittings with 95% tin, 5% antimony solder joints. Wrought copper fittings with 95% tin, 5% antimony solder joints.
Control Air	Copper Tubing	Type L Hard Drawn	Wrought copper fittings with 95-5 solder joints.
Refrigeration	Copper Tubing	Type K Hard Drawn	Cleaned, dehydrated and sealed for refrigeration work. Wrought copper refrigeration type fittings with 45% minimum silver content silver solder joints.
Chilled Water (Domestic)	Copper Tubing	Type L Hard Drawn	Same as Cold Water.
Chilled Water (Cooling) and Cooling Tower 1. 3" and below 2. Above 3" 3. All sizes	Copper Tubing Galvanized Steel PVC (See not no. 5)	Type L Hard Drawn Schedule 40 Schedule 80	Wrought copper fittings with 95-5 solder joints. Galvanized steel threaded flanges or grooved pipe couplings. Solvent welded fittings at tower water only. ee note no. 4.
Oxygen and Nitrogen	Copper Tubing	Type K Hard Drawn	Same as Refrigeration. Discuss installation with Planning, Design and Construction (CP). 45% minimum silver content at solder joints.

* Below Grade same as Sanitary Soil Waste and Vent, above.

Footnotes:

	This is a guide to pipe selection. Final pipe material and system must be based on a comprehensive review of project's design requirements.

1.	Provide proper insulation through any penetration. Discuss with Capital Projects (CP).

2.	Provide proper anchoring on any slope to prevent pullout.

3.	Other pipe materials and fittings may be considered where their use and pressure ratings are suitable. Obtain written approval from Planning, Design and Construction (CP).

4.	On roof and in fire rated shafts only. Coat piping on roof with white latex paint. (PVC for tower water only.) Confirm acceptability with State Fire Marshal.

5.	Do not use where liquids handled are above 120�F or where plastic piping is not approved by State Fire Marshal.

6.	Substitute schedule 80 PVC with threaded joints sealed with Teflon tape at screwed connections.

7.	Refer to NFPA 99 for special piping standards for medical gases, including vacuum, compressed air, nitrogen, nitrous oxide and oxygen.

B.	Pipe Insulation

Service	Material	Remarks
Heating Water, Hot Water, Cold Water and Chilled Water Piping	(a) Inside Buildings: See note No. 2. Molded glass fiber with All-Purpose white jacket and PVC Zeston fittings covers. Seal all gaps. (b) Outside Buildings: Molded glass fiber with 0.016" aluminum jacket applied over pipe and fitting insulation.	Manville Flame-Safe - AP Manville Flame-Safe - ML All laps to provide watershed.
Cooling Tower Water Piping	.	No insulation required.
Refrigeration Piping (Suction Lines)	(a) Cellular glass with flame-resistant vinyl jacket. (b) Closed-cell foam plastic.	Pittsburg-Corning Foamglas with UNI-JAC jacket. Manville Aerotube
Steam and Condensate Piping	(a) General inside building (to maximum 300�F): Molded glass fiber with All-Purpose white jacket and PVC Zeston fittings covers. Seal all gaps. (b) General outside building (to maximum 300�F): Molded glass fiber with 0.016" aluminum jacket applied over pipe and fitting insulation. (c) In mechanical rooms, underground ducts (above 300�F): Molded calcium silicate with 0.016" aluminum applied over piping and fitting insulation.	Manville Flame-Safe - AP Manville Flame-Safe - ML. All laps to provide watershed. Manville-Thermo-12 with Metal-On jacket
Duct Insulation	(a) Exterior insulation: See note No. 4. Fiberglass blanket with density of2 lbs. per cubic foot and flame resistant Foil-Scrim-Kraft vapor barrier. (b) Interior insulation (lining): Fiberglass duct liner with air stream surfacecovered with black plastic coated mat facing.	Manville Microlite with FSK facing. Manville Linacoustic
Equipment-Hot	Molded hydrous calcicum silicate.	Finish with 6 oz. canvas. See note No. 3.
Equipment-Cold (below 50^oF)	Foamed polystyrene Cellular glass. Flexible foamed plastic sheet/tubing	Finish with 6 oz. canvas. See note No. 3. Finish with 6 oz. canvas. See note No. 3. Paint finish where exposed. See note No. 3.

Footnotes (see table overleaf for application)

	1.	Manville and Pittsburg-Corning have been named as referencestandards. Other manufacturers and methods may be specified where their use is suitable.

		Describe thickness and application methods for selected material inthe specifications. Fiberglass lining in the interior of any air duct system is prohibited unlesscoated to preclude erosion of fibers into air system.

		Discuss other materials or methods with Planning,Design and Construction (CP).

		Where two finish coats are specified on finish jacketing, theyshall be of different colors for checking.

		Protect all glass fiber and non-rigid pipe insulation from crushingin hangers by means of an 18 gauge metal shield 12" minimum length x 120�F minimum arc outside ofinsulation.

	2.	Apply on cold water only in concealed or warm areas wherecondensation might occur.

	3.	Where 6 oz. canvas is indicated as FINISH, secure with Foster's orArabol lagging adhesive. If the FINISH is not to be painted, apply a second coat withoutthinning.

	4.	Vapor barrier may be omitted if air is not cooled.

Bearings

1.	The installer of equipment having bearings of any type shall protect and properly lubricate the bearings before operation of the equipment. Give special attention to bearings in any equipment that has been delivered to the job site, or installed, in advance of completion.

2.	Motors

a.	Motors smaller than 1-1/2 horsepower driving mechanical equipment shall have bearings as normally furnished by the equipment manufacturer.

b.	Motors 1-1/2 horsepower and larger driving mechanical equipment shall have regreasable ball or roller bearings with a grease filling and relief plug for purging during lubrication.

Fans

a.	Fans smaller than 24" diameter shall have self-aligning, greasable, enclosed ball bearings with pillow block mounting.

b.	Fans 24" diameter and larger shall have self-aligning babbit-lined sleeve bearings with ring oiling.

4.	Heating and ventilating units shall have enclosed, greasable, self-aligning ball bearings which are accessible for inspection, maintenance and lubrication.

5.	For special equipment, obtain bearing requirements from Capital Projects (CP).

6.	Bearing Lubrication

a.	Bearing lubrication points shall be both visible and safely accessible after installation of equipment.

b.	Where extension pipes are needed to meet the above access requirement:

i.	Vent oil lubricated bearings and extend oil fill pipe to a suitable sight glass. Install at proper elevation to indicate oil level in bearing.

ii.	Extend both supply and purge pipes for greasable ball bearings. Fit with proper lubrication fittings, and fill each pipe with proper lubricant before installing.

7.	Include the following requirements in the operations and maintenance manuals for each type of equipment with regreasable or oil-lubricated bearings.

a.	Equipment and its type of bearing.

b.	Replacement number, name or size of bearing.

c.	Recommend type of lubricant and lubrication period.

d.	Proper belt tension on belt driven equipment and instrument for measuring it.

D.	Machinery Guards

1.	Protect all moving equipment parts, such as belt drives and drive couplings, with guards.

2.	Construct belt guards with an angle iron frame covered with 18 gauge minimum expanded metal. Where guards are within 4" or less of the moving part, use 1/2" maximum openings; for greater than 4", use 2" maximum openings. Where it is necessary to change or adjust belts, check and lubricate bearings or take tachometer readings inside the guard. The guard shall have hinged or easily removable sections of sufficient size to perform such work. Use friction catches or maximum of two studs with wing nuts to secure guard sections.

3.	All accessible fan inlets or exhaust openings shall be covered with wire mesh guards. Size mesh to give 90% free area minimum, with 2" maximum openings. Provide easily removable access panels of same material for bearing check, lubrication or tachometer readings.

E.	Unions, Couplings And Nipples

1.	Show unions at all threaded connections to equipment, regulators, controls and steam traps that may have to be removed or replaced and at all points where necessary for the disassembly of piping for maintenance. Detail piping and unions to allow removal of equipment without springing pipe.

2.	Specify dielectric unions or coupling installed at any point where electrolysis might occur between piping of dissimilar materials. Specify high temperature gaskets suitable for continuous operation at 286�F and 54 pounds per square inch, gauge. Do not specify or allow threaded dielectric couplings having nonmetallic insert to be used in lines with elevated temperatures and pressures.

3.	When specifying, or approving, grooved pipe with clamp couplings for piping, check or note that the following items are included:

a.	Proper gasket for anticipated operating temperature.

b.	Recommended gasket lubrication.

c.	Torque bolts to manufacturer's specifications.

4.	Threaded nipples shall be made of schedule 80 steel pipe or standard weight brass pipe.

5.	Specify reducing fittings wherever changes in pipe size occur. No bushings will be permitted. Specify eccentric reducing fittings wherever necessary to provide free drainage of lines.

Go to Division 15-2 F-J