Campanile Way resides within the campus's neoclassical and natural landscape types. Campanile Way provides pedestrian and service access to a host of beaux-arts neoclassical era buildings. The northern end of Sather Road, from Campanile Way to the Central Glade, reflects the neoclassical type. The southern half, from Campanile Way to Sather Gate and Bridge, reflects a mixture of neoclassical, urban, and natural landscape types. Sather Road provides pedestrian and emergency access to the Classical Core from the south. (See Landscape Guidelines for description of landscape types).

An aerial view of Campanile Way looking west from Sather Tower (ca. 1949).

Period of Significance and Site Continuum /National Register Status
Campanile Way's period of significance is a continuum of the picturesque, beaux-arts, and modern periods. It serves as a functional access from the west entrance to the upper campus. A flagpole centered on North, South, and Bacon Halls once marked the eastern end of Campanile Way from the 1890s until the construction of the Campanile itself in 1914. The flagpole was a central point for the campus at that time, as the Campanile is today. The early placement of North and South Halls, which had inspired Bacon Hall and the flagpole, provided the impetus for Howard's use of the Center Street path as a beaux-arts visual axis to his Campanile (not until 1942 was the Center Street path referred to on a campus map as Campanile Way).

Modifications were made in the 1960s by Thomas Church along the eastern half of Campanile Way. Church paid homage to Howard with the creation of a small plaza and a matched set of beaux-arts balustrades at the top of Campanile Way, in a gesture to expand the Esplanade further out into the landscape. This work included new seating spaces and the preservation of the plane trees, but it also increased vehicular use with increased pavement.

Sather Road's period of significance also spans the picturesque, beaux-arts, and modern eras. The picturesque era is seen within its contextual interface with Strawberry Creek. There are four beaux-arts Howard era buildings on the National Register clustered near the intersection of Campanile Way: Doe Memorial Library, Wheeler Hall, California Hall, and Durant Hall. The modern era is represented by Dwinelle Hall and its forecourt plaza. Sather Road came into existence on campus as a north-south cross-axis in John Galen Howard's beaux-arts neoclassical plan. The 1908 gift of Sather Gate may have finalized Howard's decision to emphasize this corridor in his site planning.

Campus Context
Campanile Way historically functioned as the secondary neoclassical design axis and as a service drive and pedestrian access route. Beginning at the Campanile Esplanade, it stretches westward through the campus to its terminus. This landscape context includes the historic "The Football Players" statue, the Class of 1905 Bench, the flagstone walk, and other individual landscape elements.

Sather Road continues to play its historic role as the north-south access, beginning at Sather Gate and flanked by an ensemble of beaux-arts period buildings. The Road's terminus at University Drive, however, was rerouted prior to the construction of Moffitt Library (1968). From this point there is a pedestrian path access north across the Central Glade, leading to the campus's North Gate.

Educational Significance
Campanile Way is an example of the blending of high-style design and the most pedestrian of functions. The small Thomas Church seating area at Wheeler Hall illustrates the compatibility of a sensitive modern addition with a dominant design style. Future interpretation should emphasize notable individual elements at the western end of the Way as well as the historic view east to the Campanile.

Sather Road's educational significance relates to its original role as the early southern campus entrance, while today it introduces students to the academic center of the campus. It also provides, at the Campanile Way intersection and in views north and south, an understanding of John Galen Howard's beaux-arts neoclassical design vision.

Cultural Significance
As with the Sather Gate entry to the campus, Campanile Way provides an important pedestrian spine within the campus' Classical Core. As the pedestrian crosses north over Strawberry Creek via John Galen Howard's 1908 bridge, the tree canopy narrows and then opens, continually framing the symbolic vista to the Campanile. From the east, pedestrians look west along the Way toward the Golden Gate, which is still a commanding view.

Doe Memorial Library from Sophomore Lawn (ca. 1922).

The primary cultural significance of Sather Road is its expression of John Galen Howard's beaux-arts neoclassical design intention, seen in the confluence of the four buildings framing the intersection of Sather Road and Campanile Way. Historic text notes that: "the exteriors, heights, setbacks and character of the four buildings were carefully planned...". Sophomore Lawn, the historic evergreens, and foundation plantings along the west sides of Wheeler Hall and Doe Memorial Library, are all features lending strength to Howard's concept. The protective wall of Strawberry Creek vegetation and Sather Gate at Sather Road's southern end serve to shield the character and provide transition into the "inner sanctum" of the Classical Core.

Overall Landscape Integrity
Campanile Way still retains its overall integrity. The site integrity of Sather Road is strongest between Doe Memorial Library and California Hall, and between Wheeler and Durant Halls. The integrity diminishes at the two ends of Sather Road at Dwinelle Plaza and near Moffitt Library. Plans from Eckbo, Royston and Williams (ca.1950) may show a greater scope and integration than is apparent today, but their landscape "vignettes" fail to do more than augment the incoherence of this very important arrival space. The significance of these isolated elements is questionable.

Campanile Way

Location: Remains in its historic location.
Setting: Campanile Way is the first historic "flagpole" axis, affirmed by John Galen Howard.
Feeling: Campanile Way's axial power and historic views to the Campanile and the Golden Gate retain a high level of integrity.
Association: The Campanile, the buildings and open spaces remain as a testament to the work of John Galen Howard and those who followed.
Design: Campanile Way's axial design role remains in place. Work by John Gregg and Thomas Church, et al., remain largely in place, including a formal balustrade platform at the top of the Way (Church), and an integral Church seating node outside Wheeler Hall. The Way also continues to reflect its heritage as a service/utility corridor.
Materials: Plantings and paving vary in integrity, but problems appear to be reversible. The historic brick gutters, low curbs, and pollarded Plane trees remain. Church plans reveal the modern layer and should be considered for all future work. Small scale elements have retained their own integrity: the statue of "The Football Players," the Class of 1905 Bench; the flagstone walkway southwest of Valley Life Sciences and the Class of 1940 Fountain near Wheeler Hall.
Workmanship: Loss of integrity. Asphalt has proliferated to handle increased pedestrian traffic, service use and parking.

Sather Road

Location: Sather Road, while modified at its northern and southern ends, remains in its original location.
Setting: Sather Road's setting remains strongest in its central beaux-arts neoclassical area, although some of the plantings along the western side are quite mature. Dwinelle Plaza seating area also retains integrity.
Feeling: Very strong in the central beaux-arts area, weak at the ends.
Association: Strong in the central area, weak at the north end.
Design: Strongest within the beaux-arts core, weak at both the north and south ends.
Materials: Strong in the beaux-arts core, where the mature plantings appear to be contemporaneous with the buildings. Materials near Moffitt Library are a mixture of modern and relic, and the overall integrity appears low. Further research is needed to determine historic materials in the Dwinelle Plaza/Sather Road/South Drive intersection. This area appears to lack integrity of materials except in the vegetation west of Wheeler Hall, and in the fountain and the concrete retaining wall/seating area southwest of Wheeler Hall, remnant from the 1950s. The brick paving east of California Hall is historic to the Howard era. Much of the asphalt itself is marred by cracking and old repair work. The Miller Clock appears to be intact.
Workmanship: Strong in the beaux-arts core, weak at both ends.

Significant Architects, Landscape Architects, and Other Professionals
John Galen Howard, Architect
John W. Gregg, Landscape Architect
George Kelham, Architect (after John Galen Howard)
Thomas D. Church, Landscape Architect
(participation of Louis DeMonte, Campus Architect)
Eckbo, Royston, Williams, Landscape Architects

Historical Plans and Drawings
Aerial photographs and campus maps.
General Plan from the Thomas Church office dated 1960 for the area adjacent to Wheeler Hall and Doe Hall and Annex.
Numerous photographs from the19th century.
Construction documents from office of Thomas Church for eastern half of Campanile Way, 1964.
Large scale maps were only available for Sather Road.

Incompatible Features
Campanile Way's over-abundance of service access and parking areas are all non-contributing.

The asphalt at the intersection of Dwinelle Plaza, Sather Road, and South Drive lacks design integrity. Although asphalt was a practical means of adding to the pedestrian walkway area, it has no other historic significance. Concrete planter boxes and wooden benches have no known historical significance. The Eckbo, Royston and Williams 1950s retaining walls at Wheeler Hall appear incongruous within a neoclassical setting. Although the association with significant designers is known, the vignette itself, considered within their body of work, is considered non-contributing.

Character Defining Features

The cultural landscape assessment yielded six primary character defining features for the Campanile Way and Sather Road environs:

1. East-west views along Campanile Way
2. Pollarded London Plane Trees along Campanile Way
3. Brick gutter along Campanile Way
4. Major cross-axis of the central campus
5. Thomas Church plaza
6. Thomas Church sitting area

Spatial Organization and Land Use Patterns, Views and Vistas
As an access for the rear or side entrances of primarily neoclassical buildings, Campanile Way continues to provide a powerful axis from west of the Valley Life Sciences Building to the Campanile itself. Its visual containment is generally strong. Views and vistas include both the Campanile at the eastern end of the Way (visible along its entire length) and the Golden Gate (visible from the east at Dwinelle Hall) at the western end.

Strawberry Creek vegetation encloses the Sather Road views and space, with a narrow opening of Sather Gate providing an axial southerly release. After a strong entrance into the Classical Core through Sather Gate, the space opens to an unorganized composition of plaza and pavement. The spatial clarity improves toward the intersection with Campanile Way and continues quite strongly between Doe Memorial Library and California Hall.

Topography
Campanile Way rises at a moderate continuous slope from its inception west of Valley Life Sciences Building to its terminus at the Campanile and Esplanade.

Built on westward sloping land, Sather Road forms a plateau between Wheeler Hall on the east and Durant Hall on the west. The northern half of Sather Road is bi-level, enclosing the oval Sophomore Lawn that takes up part of the grade between Wheeler Hall and Doe Memorial Library.

Vegetation
The major vegetation element of Campanile Way is its allee of pollarded London Plane Trees (Platanus acerifolia), shown in aerial photos up until 1959 when the road was widened and its regularity lost. Many remaining Plane trees along the eastern half of the Way are in small circular, or square, planters. In addition, the Way is functionally and decoratively planted with foundation plantings and framed with lawn panels. However, Campanile Way's vegetation presently is subservient to the use of asphalt. Part of the role of Church's work on Campanile Way was removing the tree canopy blocking the view to the Campanile and enlarging pedestrian space. The vegetation along the eastward reach of Campanile Way is generally formal plantings that reflect a more refined urban character than the native Live Oaks (Quercus agrifolia) at the park-like western end of the Way.

The western end of Campanile Way, planted with native oaks (ca. 1935).

Sophomore Lawn, original and intact, is the most culturally significant lawn panel in the Sather Road corridor. Foundation and large coniferous tree plantings for Wheeler Hall and Doe Memorial Library are extensive and quite mature, many may survive from the historic Howard/Gregg era. Pollarded London Plane Trees (Platanus acerifolia), somewhat inconsistent in form, formally line the road between Durant and Wheeler Halls. Vegetation from Strawberry Creek forms a picturesque wall to the south, enhancing the Classical Core.

Circulation Systems
Campanile Way, as the earlier Center Street path, was a maintained dirt path that was later paved with a macadam surface until it met South Drive. During the Howard era, the Way was paved and brick gutters were installed that remain partly intact today in the western half. Plans through 1959 show Campanile Way as a straight road of uniform width, lined with pollarded London Plane Trees (Platanus acerifolia), and foundation plantings, a product of the Howard and Gregg's era. The most recent design modifications to Campanile Way's circulation appear to be from the Thomas Church era (ca. 1960), when the road was irregularly widened and more asphalt installed to provide for additional pedestrian circulation and parking. Campanile Way's asphalt paving may also be dictated by the presence of underground utility lines. Curbing, where present, also appears to be modern.

Sather Road is a north-south pedestrian corridor. Built on westward sloping land, the northern half of Sather Road is bi-level and separated at the oval Sophomore Lawn, which takes up part of the grade between Doe Memorial Library and California Hall. At the intersection of Sather Road, South Drive, and Dwinelle Plaza, pedestrian circulation has been accommodated via a large expanse of asphalt of undetermined age or design intent. The northern end of Sather Road is truncated at Moffitt Library. Sather Road historically provided access into the Classical Core from Sather Gate and Bridge, the Student Union, Telegraph Avenue, and points south. Currently, it provides access into the Classical Core from Sproul Plaza and the Central Glade.

Water Features
The small Class of 1940 water fountain at the northeast corner of Wheeler Hall is the sole water feature within Campanile Way. The western terminus of Campanile Way, however, is a road bridging Strawberry Creek.

Strawberry Creek flows under Sather Road adjacent to Sather Gate, and provides views into the natural character of the original campus landscape.

Structures, Furnishings, Objects
The southeastern end of Campanile Way, near the corner of Wheeler Hall, includes a Thomas Church designed seating node. The nearby Class of 1940 water fountain is in good condition. Additional significant landscape elements, all located west of the Dwinelle Hall parking lot, include the Class of 1905 bench, some Gregg era flagstone paving, the Tilden statue of "The Football Players", and the 1908 John Galen Howard bridge, which effectively provides the western terminus of the Way.

Sather Road is paved primarily in asphalt with concrete curbing. Sather Bridge, part of the Sather Gate ensemble and southern terminus to the road, is a concrete structure ornamented with neoclassical balustrades traversing Strawberry Creek. Original decorative brick walks consist of herringbone patterns and granite headers. The roadbed brick paving, a later addition, is large concrete aggregate with brick headers. A brick sidewalk with Howard era concrete detailing runs east of California Hall. The concrete and wood seating wall west and south of Wheeler Hall dates from the 1950s and are attributed to Eckbo, Royston and Williams. Neither of these two small landscape "vignettes" are well used today. West of Doe Memorial Library, nestled in mature vegetation, is the historic stone Miller Clock.

Environmental Considerations: Macro and Microclimates
Campanile Way is essentially an open and sunny east-west avenue, except for its western end where it has natural and rustic character and concomitant shade provided by a planted oak woodland adjacent to the Strawberry Creek environment.

Sather Road is generally an open and sunny area, shaded in parts by mature vegetation.